Value

Value is light and dark and the grays in between. Value is measured with a value scale. there is a value scale for black and white, color, complements, tints and shades and about whatever an artist needs as they can be helpful seeing changes of light as well as its reflection on a surface.

value scales in pencil

below, the grades of pencils. the numbers reveal the hardness or softness of the graphite. H =hard, B =soft



complementary color scales The parts of a shadow or shading do not change.





some of the parts of a shadow and shading

in a nut shell, shading and shadow are, opposite light as shading and shadow are defined as the absence of light.



for an exercise i like to change things around by reversing black and white as on the ice cream below